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The Quran has 114 chapters, which are referred to as suras. Chapters are grouped into three broad sections, with the first section known as the "early revelation" (consisting of suras 1--26), the second section being "middle revelation" (suras 27--54) and the final group of chapters being called "late revelation" (surases 55--114). Quranic verse are arranged in order of descending length. A sura is a chapter or segment of the Quran. The name by which each individual sura is known was not assigned until after Muhammad's death when it had become clear that there were no more revelations coming from Allah. According to Saheeh Muslim, "it is one of Allah's Names; in it is (obscure) the knowledge (about the unseen) of the Unseen, and Allah is well-acquainted with what you do." The Quran consists of 114 suras. According to Martin Lings, “The Quran’s partition into 114 parts or suras was effected at Mecca in 609 CE, when Muhammad began preaching publicly in Medina. The number ‘114' was possibly chosen for its numerical significance in the context of the known Semitic languages, but no specific basis exists for this particular figure. ” According to Muhammad Asad, "The actual division into 114 parts did not occur until after the Prophet's death." In a hadith, Muhammad also said that he did not know the exact number of suras, but respected it as a revealed limit. The oldest surviving manuscripts of the Quran contain no division between verses. However, this is only because the method of writing them was different from that used today. In addition to chapters, there are also verses in the Quran. They are written without reference to chapter divider lines and usually have no numerals other than at their beginnings and ends to mark their positions among other verses on a page. Especially in earlier manuscripts, verses were often difficult to distinguish from one another. Each chapter is called a sūra (plural, surā), and these are further grouped into three large sections (Arabic: "sharī'āt", sing. "sharīʿah"). There are 114 sūras in the Quran. The first section ("early revelation") contains eight sūras, namely 1-3, 5-7, 11-19, 21-26 and 32-33. The second section ("middle revelation") contains 27 sūras 27--54, while the third section ("late revelation") has 55–114. Within each group there are also several shorter sūras which are less than ten verses long. Before the early eighth century, all or most sūras had been revealed in Mecca. Some were revealed in the second period in Medina from 622 to 632. Others were revealed exclusively in Medina. Yet others pertained to both Mecca and Medina, though precisely how many is not clear. In terms of their writing style, a number of suras have a very confessional style with a self-reflexive slant where Muhammad is speaking in first person about his actions and reactions during a certain event. In other cases the material featured sounds like an address by Muhammad to a group of Muslims, giving them orders or exhorting them to remember certain facts about their faith. cfa1e77820
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